Future climate impact of all-solid-state batteries

As society moves towards a fossil-free economy, rechargeable batteries, especially for mobile applications, have become essential. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the dominant choice in electric vehicles (EVs). However, LIBs are reaching their energy density limits, facing challenges in meeting the demand for extended EV range, mainly due to the limited capacity of graphite anodes and transition metal oxide cathodes. All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), which use lithium foil as the anode and solid-state materials as electrolytes, are a promising alternative, providing higher safety and energy density. It is essential to assess their environmental impact during the early stages of development to enable design improvements.

Aim

This research aims to explore the potential climate impact of two representative ASSB chemistries with polymer-based and ceramic-based electrolyte in 2025, 2030, 2040, and 2050.

Approach

A prospective life cycle assessment is conducted, considering changes in energy-intensive production processes, the use of secondary materials, and advancement in battery design.

Collaboration

This research is a collaboration between Uppsala University (UU), the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and the Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) at Leiden University. It is conducted by Shan Zhang and Åke Nordberg at SLU, Daniel Brandell and Mario Valvo at UU, and Bernhard Steubing from Leiden University.